Neutralization and Titration - Calculations by Anna Adams (OpCraft) - Chemicals sourced from Analytical Scientific, LTD Activity URL: Neutralization Activity Lab Report Link: Neutralization Lab Report Objectives: 1. Observe and document reactions between acids and bases. 2. Identify and predict the products of acid base reactions. A neutralization reaction occurs between an acid and base to produce water and salt. Acid + Base --> Salt + Water Hcl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O 0.10 M (Molarity) Normality uses 1/10th the strength of the actual compound. Chemicals require dillution to achieve 0.10 M (Molarity). Nitric acid (40% v/v Solution) HNO3 250mL = 2.77mL Ammonium Hydroxide NaOH 250mL = 12.50mL Sodium Hydroxide Solution (2.0000) NH4OH 250mL = 3.61mL Hydrochloric Acid (0.5003) HCl 250mL = 50.00mL The strength of an acid or a base is determined by ionization. Strong acids     Strong bases Chloric acid: HClO3    Lithium hydroxide: LiOH Hydrobromic acid: HBr    Sodium hydroxide: NaOH Hydrochloric acid: HCl    Potassium hydroxide: KOH Hydroiodic acid: HI    Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2 Nitric acid: HNO3    Rubidium hydroxide: RbOH Perchloric acid: HClO4    Strontium hydroxide: Sr(OH)2 Sulfuric acid: H2SO4    Cesium hydroxide: CsOH      Barium hydroxide: Ba(OH)2 Weak acids and weak bases do not completely ionize in water. Neutralization reaction procedure 1. Add 20 drops 0.10 M NaOH to well 1 in the well plate. 2. Add 20 drops 0.10 M HNO3 to well 2 and well 5 in the well plate. 3. Add 20 drops 0.10 M NH4OH to well 3 and well 6 in the well plate. 4. Add 20 drops 0.10 M HCl to well 4 in the well plate. 5. Add 1 drop Bromothymol blue indicator to each well place. Bromothymol blue is yellow in acid, blue in base, and green in neutral solution. 6. HCl test. Try to turn solutions in wells 1, 2, 3 green using 0.10 M HCl by adding one drop at a time, stirring with toothpick. Record number of drops required. 7. NaOH test. Try to turn solutions in wells 4, 5, 6 green using 0.10 M NaOH by adding one drop at a time, stirring with toothpick. Record number of drops required. Results from the procedure steps varied. One of the more interesting observations included yellow layered on top of blue. Lab Report Link: Neutralization Lab Report Copyright Oproot Research. All rights reserved. Permission is granted for limited, non-commercial use of images. If used, please credit and notify Oproot Research. If circumstances permit, please include the URL: www.oproot.com. Oproot Research would appreciate a copy of publication. High-resolution images are also available. Please email requests, comments to tech@oproot.com.

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